Type: Hafted Retouched Flake
Location: Cape York, Queensland
Age: Late Holocene
Material: Chert
MoST ID: 5333
Pedestal Link: https://une.pedestal3d.com/r/U43IAninx4
Model Author: Emma Watt
This chert retouched flake with adhering hafting resin is from Windmill Way shelter on Cape York, Queensland. The artefact is probably less than 2000 year old. The artefact is presently curated at the Griffith Centre of Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, catalogue no. LITH20006.
The Traditional Owners of Windmill Way request that this 3D model only used for educational, research, and non-profit purposes, with attribution to Laura Rangers.
This tool consists of the distal end of a broken chert flake with traces of hafting resin on both edges and across the broken surface. A nose-like projection at the distal end projects beyond the limit of the remaining hafting resin. The projection is retouched towards the flake’s dorsal surface.
See the annotations for technological details about this stone tool.
This artefact was excavated from Windmill Way, a sandstone rockshelter in Quinkan Country, near Laura in southeast Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. The site is approximately 2000 years old and contains an exceptional assemblage of organic remains alongside stone artefacts such as these which have retained evidence of hafting. Windmill Way was excavated in 2022 as part of the Agayrr Bamangay Milbi Project.
This tool consists of the distal end of a broken chert flake with traces of hafting resin on both edges and across the broken surface. A nose-like projection at the distal end projects beyond the limit of the remaining hafting resin. The projection is retouched towards the flake’s dorsal surface.
If the artefact were discovered without the adhering resin—which is almost always the case—it would be classified as a retouched flake by archaeologists. There is no evidence for a wood handle, and the tool may be similar to hand-held tools called tjimari by people in Central Australia. This tool differs from tjimari, because the end of the flake is encased in resin rather than one edge. The other hafted flake tools from Windmill Way more closely resemble tjimari.
The famous anthropologist Norman Tindale observed tjimari-like flakes being hafted by a Tjapukai man in 1938 at Mona Mona, about 325 km southeast of Windmill Way. The Tjapukai craftsman called the tool babulai, and he used native bees wax for the hafting rather than plant resin. They were still being used at that time to cut body scars called cicatrices. The Windmill Way tools may be part of a long-standing tradition of tjimari-like toolmaking in the southern Cape York region.