Type: LeCroy Point
Location: Indiana
Age: Middle Holocene
Material: Chert
MoST ID: 2673
Pedestal Link: https://une.pedestal3d.com/r/Wk4i4h9c8-
Model Author: Emma Watt
This LeCroy point is from Indiana, made from Upper Mercer chert. LeCroy points date to the Early Archaic period and were used between ca. 7800-8500 BP.
Many points during this period—including the point in the model—were made from black Upper Mercer chert, from sources in eastern Ohio. The stone was moved extensively, and some Early Archaic point types—including MacCorkle Stemmed and St Albans Side-notched—were frequently made from this material, and are often found hundreds of kilometres from the source. The stone likely had special cultural significant to Early Archaic people.
The profound cultural and subsistence changes from the Paleoindian to the Early Archaic in North America was matched by a dramatic shift in the stone technology. The fluted lanceolate points of the Paleoindian period, such as Clovis, transitioned to exotically-fluted types such as Cumberland points in southeastern North America, and Folsom on the Great Plains. Eventually fluting was abandoned for less dramatic basal thinning, like that seen on Dalton points, and, eventually, lanceolate points were supplemented or replaced by an explosion of notched point styles in the Early Archaic period, after about 10,000 BP. The earliest notched points in the Early Archaic are side-notched (e.g., Graham Cave, Big Sandy, Hardaway, Bolen), followed by corner-notched points (e.g., Kirk, Palmer, Lost Lake), with ‘bifurcated’ points (corner-notched or stemmed points with a notched base, like LeCroy, Kanawha, MacCorkle, and St Albans) emerging towards the end of the Early Archaic period. Side-notched (e.g., Thebes, St Charles), basal-notched (e.g., Calf Creek), and stemmed (e.g., Hardin, Kirk Stemmed) point variants co-occurred with corner-notched points in complex patterns through most of the Early Archaic period, reflecting considerable regional and chronological diversity in point styles, driven by population growth and intensified trends towards differing cultural expression in circumscribed regions. These point styles—all of them manufactured by bifacial flaking—functioned variously as dart points and hafted knives.
LeCroy points are within the family of bifurcated points which also includes Kanawha, Lake Erie, and Fox Valley variants. They were found in associated with a hearth feature dating to 8300 BP at the St Albans site in West Virginia. Although these points are often very small—within the size range of arrowheads—they are thought to predate the use of the bow-and-arrow in North America. This may suggest that the bow-and-arrow was invented earlier than conventionally thought, although tiny points were known to have been used with spearthrowers by people in other parts of the world. At less than 20 mm long, the LeCroy point in this model is at the small end of the size range for this point type.